Tag: bms

UPS & ESS

Posted on by lechuck park

UPS vs. ESS & Key Safety Technologies

This image illustrates the structural differences between UPS (Uninterruptible Power System) and ESS (Energy Storage System), emphasizing the advanced safety technologies required for ESS due to its “High Power, High Risk” nature.

1. Left Side: System Comparison (UPS vs. ESS)

This section contrasts the purpose and scale of the two systems, highlighting why ESS requires stricter safety measures.

  • UPS (Traditional System)
    • Purpose: Bridges the power gap for a short duration (10–30 mins) until the backup generator starts (Generator Wake-Up Time).
    • Scale: Relatively low capacity (25–500 kWh) and output (100 kW – N MW).
  • ESS (High-Capacity System)
    • Purpose: Stores energy for long durations (4+ hours) for active grid management, such as Peak Shaving.
    • Scale: Handles massive power (~100+ MW) and capacity (~400+ MWh).
    • Risk Factor: Labeled as “High Power, High Risk,” indicating that the sheer energy density makes it significantly more hazardous than UPS.

2. Right Side: 4 Key Safety Technologies for ESS

Since standard UPS technologies (indicated in gray text) are insufficient for ESS, the image outlines four critical technological upgrades (indicated in bold text).

① Battery Management System (BMS)

  • (From) Simple voltage monitoring and cut-off.
  • [To] Active Balancing & Precise State Estimation: Requires algorithms that actively balance cell voltages and accurately calculate SOC (State of Charge) and SOH (State of Health).

② Thermal Management System

  • (From) Simple air cooling or fans.
  • [To] Forced Air (HVAC) / Liquid Cooling: Due to high heat generation, robust air conditioning (HVAC) or direct Liquid Cooling systems are necessary.

③ Fire Detection & Suppression

  • (From) Detecting smoke after a fire starts.
  • [To] Off-gas Detection & Dedicated Suppression: Detects Off-gas (released before thermal runaway) to prevent fires early, using specialized suppressants like Clean Agents or Water Mist.

④ Physical/Structural Safety

  • (From) Standard metal enclosures.
  • [To] Explosion-proof & Venting Design: Enclosures must withstand explosions and safely vent gases.
  • [To] Fire Propagation Prevention: Includes fire barriers and BPU (Battery Protective Units) to stop fire from spreading between modules.

Summary

  • Scale: ESS handles significantly higher power and capacity (>400 MWh) compared to UPS, serving long-term grid needs rather than short-term backup.
  • Risk: Due to the “High Power, High Risk” nature of ESS, standard safety measures used in UPS are insufficient.
  • Solution: Advanced technologies—such as Liquid Cooling, Off-gas Detection, and Active Balancing BMS—are mandatory to ensure safety and prevent thermal runaway.

#ESS #UPS #BatterySafety #BMS #ThermalManagement #EnergyStorage #FireSafety #Engineering #TechTrends #OffGasDetection

WIth Gemini

BAS + EPMS + @ = DCIM

Posted on by lechuck park

From Claude with some prompting
This image illustrates the distinction between BAS (Building Automation System), EPMS (Energy Power Management System), and DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management), explaining their development and relationships.

  1. BAS (Building Automation System):
    • Focuses on general buildings
    • Emphasizes water management and HVAC (cooling) systems
    • Named “BAS” because water and air conditioning were crucial elements in building management
    • Primarily deals with low-power usage environments
    • Includes water control, cooling control, flow control, and pipe/plumbing management
  2. EPMS (Energy Power Management System):
    • Specialized for high-power usage environments
    • Concentrates on power generation, distribution, and control
    • Developed separately from BAS due to the unique complexities of high-power environments
  3. DCIM (Data Center Infrastructure Management):
    • Tailored for data center environments
    • Integrates functions of both BAS and EPMS
    • Manages power (EPMS) and cooling/environmental (BAS) aspects
    • Addresses additional requirements specific to data centers

The diagram clearly shows the background and characteristics of each system’s development:

  • BAS evolved from the need to manage water and air conditioning in general buildings
  • EPMS developed separately due to the specific requirements of high-power environments
  • DCIM integrates and expands on BAS and EPMS functionalities to meet the complex needs of data centers

The formula “BAS + EPMS + @ = DCIM” indicates that DCIM incorporates the functions of BAS and EPMS, while also including additional management capabilities (@) specific to data centers.

This structure effectively demonstrates how each system has specialized and evolved to suit particular environments and requirements, and how they are ultimately integrated in DCIM for comprehensive management of data center infrastructures.